Jacinta Bustamante mainly investigates Immunology, Immunity, Primary immunodeficiency, Genetics and Tuberculosis. Her Immunology study typically links adjacent topics like Disease. As part of one scientific family, Jacinta Bustamante deals mainly with the area of Immunity, narrowing it down to issues related to the Virology, and often Virulence.

In her research, Phagocyte and Respiratory burst is intimately related to Chronic granulomatous disease, which falls under the overarching field of Primary immunodeficiency. Her Locus research is multidisciplinary, incorporating perspectives in Exome sequencing, Penetrance, Genome-wide association study and Linkage disequilibrium. The concepts of her Penetrance study are interwoven with issues in Haploinsufficiency and Candidate gene.